BIO technology and its applications
Biotechnology very important and it is the major
area from Exam point of view since many questions are asked from Biotechnology
UPSC Prelims 2013
Mycorrhizal
biotechnology has been used in rehabilitating degraded sites because
mycorrhiza enables the plants to
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Select
the correct answer using the codes given below
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UPSC Prelims 2013 (Biotechnology)
Consider
the following organisms
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Which
of the above is / are used as bio-fertilizer / bio-fertilizers
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Index
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What is Bio Technology?
Utilization
of living systems and organisms to develop any product that has some
technological application for definite use or some approved general purpose
usage termed as Biotechnology
Since
times Biotechnology has expanded from limited usage like wine making too much
more wide expansion technological advancements like gene sequencing
Biotechnology
+ Nanotechnology
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= Nano-Biotechnology
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Biotechnology
+ Information technology
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= Bioinformatics
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Biotechnology
+ Robotics
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= Bio-Robotics
Etc
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Biotechnology
has a wide application from human cell to Universe; one can’t determine what
the next innovation and combination, it can happen in any part of the world
Applications of Biotechnology
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| Bio Technology and Its Applications |
Let’s
see some most useful biotechnology application with different
technologies and the most valuable innovations by this
biotechnology
Biotechnology
can be used to manufacture existing medicines relatively easily and cheaply,
applications like slowing down the process of food
storage, genetic engineering (medicine), also it has made the production
of human growth hormone easier, it is being used to engineer & adopt
organisms especially micro-organisms in an effort to find sustainable way to
clean up contaminated environments
BIO fuels:
Biotechnology for Green Energy: Bio fuels
We
know how the pollution in these days have gone up many convection at
international level have stretched the importance to reduce the usage of
fuels, but in this modern world saving earth without using fuels is highly
impossible especially for developing countries which can’t compromise its
industrial growth and cut it pollution levels, So developments in
biotechnology can have a great substitutes in this dimension
Alternates
of this fuel is bio-fuels which are made from plants and
have less impact on the environment
pollution bio-fuels are used mainly for transportation purpose
Bio Fuels are of 2 types as given Below.
Bio Ethanol:
It
is used as substitute of petrol, can produce by fermentation process of cellulose
i.e. starch obtained from plants, which are the obtained from maize, sugar
cane, sweet sorghum, sugar belt etc
Bio Diesel:
Produce from oil
crops like palm soybeans, rapeseed seed, sunflower seed the production of
these fuels depends on the availability of crops in these
countries, Brazil is the
leading position in production of bio fuels, 30% of
transport fuel currently derived from biomass
Fossil
fuel and electricity consumption are main sources of greenhouse gases. The
Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement made under the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was established with the aim of
stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that
would prevent dangerous human interference with global climate.
Oil removing
bacteria/oil eating bacteria
We
regularly see in news and some accidents like boat sinks plane crashed into
sea, we know that they carry a huge volume of oil, when such accidents happen
the oil spills on the surface of the water which leads to water contamination
and death of bio-diversity at that place which will have
ill effects at that place
Thought
the development lagging in removing all oil spells but we can achieve
ahead, Scientists in Europe sequenced the Genome for an oil
eating bacteria (modification of bacteria genome for some specific
application) which have the ability to eat the oil faster and effectively clean
oil spills, scientists developed bacteria by modifying genome and
called as Alcanivorax borkumensis, which
have more hunger for oil, enable them to clean water
Tobacco Plants as Bio
fuel
Bio-fuel: Used
as substituent of hazardous fuels and interesting thing is it can
be obtain from tobacco plant, but the problem is the hectare per yield is
very low and the plants are used for other purpose, scientists of Biotechnology Foundation
Laboratories@Thomas Jefferson University by using tobacco plant have identified
a way to get more extraction of oil from tobacco leaves which early has a less
production
Genome
Sequencing Technology
Gene sequencing: Many disease which
are based on gene follows from generation to generation, gene sequencing
has a much more impact in identifying the gene and proper sequencing of it
reduces the effect but the cost involved in this gene sequences in very high,
many institutes are working to sequence genes
The
inventions in this dimension
of biotechnology are Nano-pore based
sequencer which read and decode Human
sequences effectively many companies are working out to reduce
the sequencing process such as VPS hosting, San Diegos LLLumina etc
Increase plant tolerance
to adverse conditions
Increasing
the plant production and self protection from a-bio-tic stress like
usage of fertilizers, drought conditions
In
serve conditions like droughts and scarce water available conditions
plant can’t tolerate the stress, and plants are prone to
many attacks by pests and pathogens, biotechnology
have a great impact in this area developing the plants
with improved resistance to stress and
enhanced resistance to pests and pathogens examples are in RICE over
expressing the chloro plastic guanine synthesis gene (GS 2)
shows increase tolerance to soil salinity, Similarly some modified
crops like Bt cotton, Bt maize, golden rice, Bt corn all
have designed to offers resistance to pest
and pathogens that have adverse effect on them
Some
other fields where Bio technology has its applications are in Medicine,
Agriculture, Industries (like wine production yeasts) and many more
Conclusion
Promising
Biotechnology with combination of others had the drastically changed
the things that we use today, but how the innovations will take us is
the question we need to see??
References
Wikipedia
Internet Research and others sources
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